Why Is My Cat Coughing?

Your kitty doesn’t smoke cigars and isn’t clearing their throat to make an announcement, so why are they coughing? For felines, true coughing is a reflexive way to keep airways clear, and there’s usually something legit triggering it. As an emergency relief veterinarian, I help pet parents figure out the source of their cat's cough and how to cure it. Here’s what you need to know the next time your kitty starts hacking.

What causes a cat to cough?

Feline asthma

There are many possible reasons for a cat to cough, but we’ll start with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis since they are the most common causes. In feline asthma, also known as feline allergic bronchitis, allergens trigger respiratory system inflammation, airway spasms and increased mucus production. Besides coughing, your cat may wheeze or appear winded after exercise. These triggers can be seasonal, like spring ‘pollening’, or environmental, such as smoke, essential oils, dust, mould, potpourri and household sprays. 

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Feline bronchitis

Cats who cough due to asthma often seem healthy otherwise. They eat, drink and cause the usual amount of trouble – knocking things off the coffee table, secretly licking your toothbrush, etc. Despite this, they can have sudden bouts of acute respiratory distress that look like rapid breathing, laboured breathing or panting. Chronic feline bronchitis is super similar to feline asthma but lacks the acute triggers that make asthma so scary. Since both are inflammatory airway diseases, their treatments tend to have similar goals of limiting the immune response – in severe situations, that includes medications like corticosteroids or bronchodilators – and eliminating any secondary infection.

Parasites or pneumonia

Parasites such as lungworms can trigger inflammation in the lungs, causing a cough. Pneumonia is another possible cause of coughing. Cats are much better than dogs at closing their airways when they vomit, so aspiration pneumonia is uncommon, but they can still get other bacterial or fungal infections in their lungs.

Cancer or heart disease

Just like humans, either a primary tumour or tumours that spread from other areas (metastasis) can develop in a cat’s lungs. Fluid build-up in the space around the lungs can also cause a cat to cough. The most common culprit of this is heart disease, but it can develop secondary to cancer and other diseases.

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When should you worry about your cat’s cough?

Laboured breathing

If your cat’s breathing is laboured, you should take them to the vet ASAP. Open-mouthed breathing, exaggerated movement of their chest or belly with each breath or a pale or blue tinge to their gums or tongue mean that emergency care is needed. 

Chronic cough

Even if your cat is doing well otherwise, it’s a good idea to go ahead and have them checked out by a vet if your cat has a chronic cough – meaning it lasts for more than two weeks. Cats are secretive and will often hide their illnesses to protect themselves, so even intermittent or subtle problems should be evaluated. If your cat can’t hide that they’re feeling unwell, they are usually pretty sick.

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What can you do about your cat’s cough?

Assuming you’ve ruled out any serious conditions by speaking to a vet, you can try a variety of environmental and lifestyle adjustments to see if they help. The overall goal is to decrease the number of allergens in your home. I don’t need to tell you to quit smoking, but cigarette smoke is super irritating to cats’ lungs – just saying. You should probably ditch the potpourri, incense, essential oils and anything else strongly scented while you’re at it. Don’t let dust accumulate and switch to a dust-free cat litter. An air purifier can also help minimise circulating particles. Staying current on preventative care and keeping your cat’s weight in check will also ward off preventable diseases.

If you’re planning a non-emergency visit to your vet, try to record an episode of your cat coughing ahead of time. A video may help your vet have a better sense of what your cat is doing at home. A physical exam, chest X-rays and blood tests are common first steps in figuring out what’s causing your cat’s cough. Early diagnosis can be key to keeping your kitty healthy and hack-free.